List of pharaohs
List of pharaohs. r oʊ /; [3] Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; [note 1] Coptic: ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ, romanized: Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה Parʿō) [4] is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty (c. 945–c. This was finally accomplished by Ahmose I, who reunited Egypt, ushering in the New Kingdom—the third great era of Egyptian culture. This pharaoh reigned over Egypt from about 1479 to 1425 BC. Late in the Second Intermediate Period (ca. 730 BCE) it had been adopted as an epithet of respect. Apr 14, 2016 · Aten - The sun disk, originally a sun deity who was elevated by pharaoh Akhenaten (1353-1336 BCE) to the position of sole god, creator of the universe. Nov 3, 2022 · In addition, pharaohs also had harems of wives, among them foreign-born princesses who were sent to Egypt to marry the pharaoh and create a bond with their home country. " Teti (Teh-tee): A pharaoh's name, Teti means "the father. The term pharaoh is derived from the Egyptian per ʿaa (“great estate”) and to the designation of the royal palace as an institution. Her rule as a female king of Egypt is recorded in several places, including a list of kings at Karnak and features on the Saqqara Tablet, which is a stone tablet engraved with a list of pharaohs. Kings held a unique position in Egyptian society. Jul 2, 2023 · These pharaohs, who ruled Egypt for nearly a century, are a testament to the interconnectedness of African civilizations in antiquity and the diverse legacy of the Egyptian empire. She also dressed like the Pharaoh to reinforce her power including the crown and ceremonial beard. Sep 23, 2024 · Ramses II was the third pharaoh of ancient Egypt’s 19th dynasty, reigning from 1279 to 1213 BCE. The Egyptians, as noted above, traditionally believed in many gods whose importance influenced every aspect of their daily lives. In ancient Egypt, women rulers kept the society stable in times of potential turmoil. 'Cross-Dressing' Pharaoh The Valley of the Kings, [a] also known as the Valley of the Gates of the Kings, [b] [2] is an area in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the Eighteenth Dynasty to the Twentieth Dynasty, rock-cut tombs were excavated for pharaohs and powerful nobles under the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt. Oct 20, 2023 · Military Achievements: Often considered the greatest pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom, Senusret III launched successful campaigns into Nubia, establishing a series of forts along the Nile, such as Buhen and Semna, to solidify Egyptian control. The pharaohs were regarded as incarnations of Horus The king of ancient Egypt was known as the 'pharaoh' and whoever held this position had absolute authority in the kingdom. Aug 17, 2021 · “Ancient Egyptians held cats in such high regard because of the practices and preferences of their gods, but also because their kings, the pharaohs, kept giant cats,” Skidmore says. They played a significant role in shaping Pharaoh, originally, the royal palace in ancient Egypt. Queen Sobekneferu’s relationship with Amenemhat IV is unclear. A comprehensive list of ancient Egyptian rulers from the Predynastic Period to the Roman Empire, based on historical records and archaeological evidence. Mar 5, 2019 · The List Price is the suggested retail price of a new product as provided by a manufacturer, supplier, or seller. Sep 2, 2009 · The Pharaoh in ancient Egypt was the political and religious leader of the people and held the titles 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'. During Egypt's New Kingdom (1539-1075 B. The New Kingdom ended when the priests of Amun grew strong enough to assert their power at Thebes and divide the country between their rule and the pharaoh's at the city of Per-Ramesses. Aug 31, 2024 · The following list of female pharaohs of Egypt is in reverse chronological order. Includes names, dates, sources, and comments for each pharaoh. Sep 27, 2021 · 2. Discovered by Pierre Montet at Tanis, in 1939 and 1940 Montet had just found a Royal necropolis, home to a dozen Egyptian tombs of Kings and princes. In order to acknowledge just a few of these exceptional pharaohs, here’s a list of the top 10 of all time: Oct 31, 2022 · Upper and Lower Egypt are reunified under Mentuhotep II (pictured below). Learn about the royal titulary, the sun god Ra, and the challenges of deciphering hieroglyphs. ), the valley became a royal burial ground for pharaohs such as Tutankhamun, Seti I, and Ramses II, as well as queens, high priests, and other elites of Mar 5, 2024 · The term “pharaoh” referred to the palace where the ruler resided. Aug 22, 2024 · Below is a list of ancient Egyptian dynasties, from Dynasty 0 to the Ptolemaic dynasty. As a fact, the most famous female Pharaoh of ancient Egypt, Cleopatra, is closer to us according to chronology than the Pharaohs before her who built the great pyramids. It was never the king’s formal title. Feb 25, 2019 · A Pharaoh was the most powerful person in the kingdom in part due to his role as high priest of every temple. As the religious leader of the Egyptians, the pharaoh was considered the divine intermediary between the gods and Egyptians. Under his idiosyncratic rule, the capital was moved from Thebes to Akhetaton (Tell el-Amarna), where clay tablets (Amarna Letters) were discovered that provide insight into his diplomatic relations. Many consider her to be not only the greatest woman Pharaoh, but one of the greatest Pharaohs in the history of Egypt. The word came to be used metonymically for the Egyptian king under the New Kingdom (starting in the 18th dynasty, 1539–1292 BCE), and by the 22nd dynasty (c. He is also credited with founding Memphis. Dec 16, 2009 · Hatshepsut oversaw ambitious building projects, including the Temple of Deir el‑Bahri, during her reign in 15th century B. (see Roman Egypt, Roman pharaoh and List of Roman dynasties) The 31 pre-Ptolemaic dynasties by the length of their rule (in 25-year bins), [ q ] each dynasty being a coloured box. Except for books, Amazon will display a List Price if the product was purchased by customers on Amazon or offered by other retailers at or above the List Price in at least the past 90 days. Tutankhamun and his queen, Ankhesenamun Tutankhamun was born in the reign of Akhenaten, during the Amarna Period of the late Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. In their roles as high priests, the pharaohs made sacred offerings to the gods on a daily basis. The Most Famous Egyptian Pharaohs – Djoser (2686 BC – 2649 BC) The second confirmed female pharaoh, Hatshepsut, also known by her throne name Maatkare was born in 1508 BC and governed Egypt in the 18th Dynasty, the first royal dynasty of the New Kingdom (1550 – 1077) and one now hailed as the ‘golden age’ of pharaohs and the empire’s most prosperous time. Not only was a pharaoh a political position, the ancient Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was also a living god on Earth. Pharaohs were the kings of ancient Egypt. Here is another list, you may also like; top 10 historical queens of ancient Iran. Each one had their own role to play in maintaining peace and harmony across the land. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Nov 15, 2022 · The Greatest Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. Mar 14, 2024 · The construction of a pharaoh’s tomb was a major task in Egypt as the pharaohs wanted to be reborn victoriously in the afterlife. May 16, 2020 · The intact Ancient Egyptian sarcophagus; Pharaoh Psusennes I, left, Pharaoh Amenemope, center, and Pharaoh Shoshenq II, right. A comprehensive list of Egyptian and Nubian kings from the earliest dynasties to the third century B. The Pharaohs. A comprehensive list of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, from predynastic times to the Roman period, with their names, reigns, and alternative spellings. A comprehensive list of Egyptian rulers and their regnal years from the Predynastic period to the Roman period, based on ancient sources and archaeological evidence. FAQ: Top 10 Most Powerful Female Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. But some pharaohs thrived. ), the Theban rulers (Dynasty 17) began to drive the Hyksos kings (Dynasty 15) from the Delta. Ramesses II, 19th Dynasty (1279 – 1213 BC) Ramesses II (The Younger Memnon), British Museum Ramesses II is one of the great pharaohs Pharaohs Royal clothing is particularly well documented, as well as the khat , nemes , and crowns of the pharaohs . The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. He likely began exercising some power prior to actually assuming sole ownership of the throne: it is thought that his father, Seti I, appointed him as coregent at a young age, and he accompanied his father on campaigns abroad as a teenager. Hatshepsut - A lady Pharaoh, Hatshepsut was originally regent for her son, but she took on the power of Pharaoh. Aug 15, 2023 · A comprehensive list of the known Egyptian pharaohs, organized chronologically by dynasties, from the First Dynasty to the Roman Period. Apr 26, 2023 · Queen Sobekneferu became a female pharaoh after the death of Amenemhat IV. It begins with the last pharaoh to rule an independent Egypt, Cleopatra VII, and ends with Meryt-Neith, who 5,000 years ago was probably one of the first women to rule. Add to this that some dynasties overlapped, with more than one pharaohs of vying for supremacy at the same time, which leads to widely differing chronological interpretations. This term was used increasingly from about 1400 BCE as a way of referring to the living king. Find out about their special powers and duties. Kenneth Garrett The Turin Papyrus is another king list from the same era as Seti I. The Akhbār al-zamān, also known as The Book of Wonders (ca. as a rare Egyptian female pharaoh. The New Kingdom of Egypt, from approximately 1550 BCE to 1070 BCE, was a period of immense power, wealth, and cultural achievement. He was the 6th Pharaoh of the 18th Egyptian Dynasty. The pharaoh was the absolute monarch of the country and, at least in theory, wielded complete control of the land and its resources. 4 days ago · Egyptian kings are commonly called pharaohs, following the usage of the Bible. The king was the supreme military commander and head of the government, who relied on a bureaucracy of officials to manage his affairs. After death the pharaoh became divine and passed on his sacred powers and position to the new pharaoh, his son. The Pharaoh was believed to be part-man, part-god by the ancient people of Egypt. The legacy of the pharaohs continues to fascinate and captivate modern society. Sep 5, 2017 · The 'entrance' to the Great Pyramid that was entered in 832 AD. Modern scholars have inconclusively identified him with one or more of the Egyptian kings bearing the names Scorpion, Narmer, and Aha. 0)The Giants of ‘Ad and Megalithic Construction in Egypt. They were revered as the link between the gods and the people. Architects worked hard to provide protection for the tombs by constructing pyramids over them. 2. In this collection we have some of the histories, monuments, and artworks related to the pharaohs, including the most famous and first female ruler of Egypt, Hatshepsut. Ancient Egyptian pharaohs were considered to be both divine deities as well as mortal rulers. Dec 14, 2018 · The truth behind Egypt’s female pharaohs and their power. Discover their achievements, pyramids, legends and more. The pharaohs of the New Kingdom played pivotal roles in expanding Egypt’s influence, engaging in military campaigns, and overseeing grand architectural projects. Oct 7, 2016 · The unity and strength which characterized the 18th and 19th Dynasties steadily was lost during the 20th. There are ancient history sources such as kings lists, annals, and other documents translated into Greek and Latin, archaeological studies using radiocarbon and dendrochronology, and hieroglyphic studies such as the Turin Canon, the Palermo Stone, the Pyramid Aug 23, 2024 · Akhenaten, king of ancient Egypt of the 18th dynasty, who established a new cult dedicated to the Aton, the sun’s disk. , the third dynasty’s King Djoser asked Imhotep, an architect, priest and healer, to design a funerary monument for him Apr 17, 2023 · From Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, and Akhenaten, to Tutankhamun, Egyptian pharaohs were the rulers of ancient Egypt who held supreme power and authority over the land and its people. Oct 14, 2009 · The Old Kingdom began with the third dynasty of pharaohs. While early Egyptian rulers were called “kings,” over time, the name “pharaoh” stuck. Called the Great Pyramid, it is the largest of the three. Although King Taharqa was a foreign ruler from Kush, a kingdom south of Egypt, he repaired crumbling temples and even began building pyramids again for the first time in about 800 years. His Great Pyramid is the largest in Giza and originally towered some 481 feet (147 All ancient Egyptian king lists have significant gaps in their text, or fail to provide a complete list of rulers. Mar 24, 2020 · Horemheb brought stability and prosperity back to Ancient Egypt, stamped out graft and corruption, and laid the platform for sustained growth under the famous 19th Dynasty Pharaohs such as Ramesses II. This combination of political and religious elements in the pharaonic role meant that anyone who was pharaoh had many responsibilities to fulfil The pyramids of Giza were royal tombs built for three different pharaohs. Jun 9, 2022 · On one wall is inscribed a list of 76 pharaohs' names (the Abydos Kings List) with Menes listed first. They were monarchs (kings and sometimes queens), as well as governmental officers, responsible for keeping Egyptian society organized and running smoothly both politically and in terms of spiritual rituals, which were plentiful during the time in history when they Nov 9, 2009 · King Tutankhamun (Tutankhamen or simply King Tut) ruled Egypt as pharaoh for 10 years until his death at age 19, around 1324 B. In this blog post, we will delve into the lives of the most famous Egyptian pharaohs, chronologically from Khufu to Cleopatra, and explore their enduring legacies. The northernmost and oldest pyramid of the group was built for Khufu (Greek: Cheops), the second king of the 4th dynasty. Some gods took The pharaoh was usually depicted wearing symbols of royalty and power. Learn about the rulers who held dominion over the Nile Valley for over three thousand years. Throughout the 30+ dynasties in ancient Egyptian history, it is speculated that some 170 or more rulers reigned over the great land of Egypt during a three thousand year time span. KS2 History: the achievements of the earliest civilisations – ancient Egypt. Includes dates, images, comments and sources for each ruler. Sep 1, 2023 · Egypt is ancient for the ancients. Enshrined in the belief system of the Ancient Egyptians was the doctrine that their Pharaoh was an earthly incarnation of Horus, the falcon-headed god. Aug 9, 2023 · Ay (Eye): Pharaoh Ay's name translates to "he who is strong. C. . The pharaohs were believed to be divine beings who served as a link between the gods and the people. ): This was a time of drought, famine, and foreign invasions. The pharaohs would often wear animal skins, usually leopard or lion , as a sign of their station. Only pharaohs could make offerings to the gods. The life of the Egyptian pharaohs was filled with power, glory, murder, deceit and mystery. Atum (Ra) - The sun god, supreme lord of the gods, first god of the Ennead (tribunal of nine gods), creator of the universe and human beings. Sep 2, 2009 · In 1353 BCE the pharaoh Amenhotep IV succeeded to the throne and, shortly after, changed his name to Akhenaten (`living spirit of Aten') to reflect his belief in a single god, Aten. Jul 17, 2024 · Among these leaders, some names stand out as truly legendary figures that have left an indelible mark on history. Feb 3, 2019 · The dynastic Egypt chronology that we use to name and classify the 2,700-year-long list of royal pharaohs is based on myriad sources. Around 2630 B. Learn about the 25 most famous Egyptian pharaohs from the Early Dynastic Period to the New Kingdom. " It reflects his position of authority. It was believed that only the pharaoh could enter a holy temple and commune with the spirits of the gods. Third Intermediate Period, about 420 years (ca 1075 B. " It signifies the patriarchal role of the ruler. (Olaf Tausch/CC BY 3. A comprehensive list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt from the legendary period to the Ptolemaic Dynasty. Kush shared a Feb 27, 2019 · The fourth famous Egyptian pharaoh on our list is Thutmose III. The story of Egypt's black pharaohs begins with the Kingdom of Kush, a powerful realm located to the south of Egypt. 900 – 1100 AD), is an Arabian compilation of medieval lore about Egypt and the world before the Great Flood. The word 'pharaoh' is the Greek form of the Egyptian pero or per-a-a, which was the designation for the royal residence and means `Great House'. Nov 28, 2018 · With great power comes great responsibility, though, and the pharaoh was expected to rule wisely, justly, and preserve the harmony, or ma'at, in his kingdom. A woman dressed as a man to rule Egypt as pharaoh, another pharaoh stopping at almost nothing to institute a monotheistic religion, and a boy king was cut down in the prime of his life. The list includes the names, dates, and dynasties of pharaohs, as well as female pharaohs marked with (f). The early dynasties and the three Kingdoms are blue, with darker colours meaning older. Menes was the legendary first king of unified Egypt, who, according to tradition, joined Upper and Lower Egypt in a single centralized monarchy. His original name was Tutankhaten or Tutankhuaten, meaning "living image of Aten", [c] reflecting the shift in ancient Egyptian religion known as Atenism which characterized Akhenaten's reign. In Ancient Egypt, Pharaohs were both heads of state and the religious leaders of the people. , based on kinglists and historical sources. Pharaohs held immense power and authority, shaping the ancient Egyptian civilization. C). Pharaoh (/ ˈ f ɛər oʊ /, US also / ˈ f eɪ. The Rise of the Kushite Dynasty. See works of art associated with each ruler and learn about their chronology and reigns. The pharaoh’s will was supreme, and he governed by royal decree. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC. More about: Pharaoh Timeline Oct 14, 2009 · The middle pyramid at Giza was built for Khufu’s son Pharaoh Khafre (2558-2532 B. Nefertum (Nef-er-toom): The god of lotus flowers and perfume, Nefertum's name means "beautiful one who comes. Interestingly, there’s no evidence that Egyptian princesses married outside Egypt, probably because Egypt was the dominant nation at the time. Owing to his insatiable thirst for power and dominance, Thutmose III has often been referred to as “the Napoleon of ancient Egypt” by modern scholars and Egyptologists. The ancient Egyptians believed in many different gods and goddesses. The Egyptians believed their pharaoh to be the mediator between the gods and the world of men. Mar 19, 2024 · The word “ pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. The Pharaoh in ancient Egypt was the political and religious leader of the people and held the titles 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'. Dates are given in years bce and are approximate before the middle of the 1st millennium bce , after which events can be corroborated between Egypt and neighboring empires of the Assyrians, Macedonians , and Romans . Evidence indicates a shift in the pharaoh’s role as political and spiritual leader during this period, as well as changes in the organisation of society, religious beliefs, and relations with neighbouring peoples. The Pyramid of Khafre is the second tallest pyramid at Giza and contains Pharaoh Khafre’s tomb. Dec 20, 2023 · Pharaoh Khufu was the first Egyptian king to build a pyramid in Giza, a project he began in circa 2550 B. 3. 1650–1550 B. to ca 656 B. Though his rule was notable for reversing the religious reforms of The Pharaoh in Egyptian Society During the third and fourth dynasties of the Old Kingdom, Egypt enjoyed tremendous economic prosperity and stability.
